瑪利亞·蒙特梭利在《發(fā)現(xiàn)兒童》一書(shū)中這樣寫(xiě)道：「孩子們是自然最偉大的自發(fā)的觀(guān)察家，無(wú)疑他們需要擁有對(duì)其採取行動(dòng)的物質(zhì)。對(duì)生物熱枕的關(guān)心能滿(mǎn)足兒童心靈中的一種最活躍的本能。」在童年時(shí)期，孩子需要從自然中獲取力量以發(fā)展其身心。
'Children are the greatest spontaneous observers of nature, and undoubtedly they need the materials to act on it. The warm and sincere concern for the biology can satisfy one of the most active instincts of the child's mind.' Maria Montessori wrote this in Discovering Children. During childhood, child need strength from nature to develop his mind and body.
自然與美感的奠基
Nature and the Foundation of Aesthetic
作為人類(lèi)，我們的生活自古就與自然關(guān)聯(lián)，不僅是物質(zhì)需要，也有對(duì)美的追求。自然是神奇的，有生命的生物、山川、湖泊、空氣、地勢(shì)、氣候、季節(jié)等條件構(gòu )成了它多變的景象。自然用豐富的形狀，繽紛的色彩，向我們傳遞著生命或活潑或熱烈或死亡或生機(jī)或溫暖……的信息，世界最美的景象都在自然中展現(xiàn)，它們是孩子最初的審美教育。
As human beings, our life has been connecting with nature since ancient times, not only for material needs, but also for the pursuit of beauty. Nature is magical, its changeable scenes are made up of living creatures, mountains, lakes, air, terrains, climates, seasons and other conditions. Nature uses its rich shapes and colors to pass on messages of vividness,enthusiasm,death, warmth etc. The world's most beautiful scenes are displayed in nature, they are the children's initial aesthetic education.
自然與探索的發(fā)展
Nature and the Development of
Exploration
說(shuō)到自然，讓我們回憶與它擁抱時(shí)的感覺，是否會(huì)有一種由心底生出的舒適和敬畏，驚嘆大自然的鬼斧神工，好奇著它的成長(zhǎng)，自然猶如巨大的寶箱，等著我們去發(fā)現(xiàn)探索。孩子更是如此，親近自然是與身俱來(lái)的天性，每一次的發(fā)現(xiàn)仿佛能帶給他們更多探索的欲望。他們有著十分的好奇去探索周圍的一草一木，發(fā)現(xiàn)雨後草叢裡的那小小蝸牛；親近盛開(kāi)的向日葵；認(rèn)識失去生命的小蜜蜂；享受柚子剝開(kāi)時(shí)成熟的芳香……探索中的孩子永遠(yuǎn)是精力滿(mǎn)滿(mǎn)的。
Speaking of nature, let us recall the feeling when we embrace it, do you have a kind of inner comfort and awe? We are amazed at the extraordinary works of nature and curious about its growth. Nature is like a huge treasure box, waiting for us to discover and explore.
This is even more so for children, they have inborn instinct of closeness to nature. Every discovery seems to bring them the desire to explore more. They are very curious to explore everything of surroundings: the small snails in the grass after the rain; the blooming sunflowers; the little bee that lost her life; the ripe aroma of pomelo when it is peeled...Children are always full of energy when they are discovering.
自然與班級(jí)裡的教學(xué)
Nature and Education in the Classroom
在蒙特梭利的教室中，植物作為大自然的縮影，是幼兒認(rèn)識自然的重要夥伴。
在進(jìn)行照顧類(lèi)工作過(guò)程中（例如，給動(dòng)物餵食、清洗植物葉子······），孩子們會(huì)觀(guān)察小動(dòng)物進(jìn)食的過(guò)程，欣賞葉片那乾淨的活力······從照顧自己成長(zhǎng)為能照顧動(dòng)物與植物，這種成長(zhǎng)是心智的成長(zhǎng)，引導(dǎo )孩子從思想中理解自然。
在通識區(qū)認(rèn)識與探究自然現(xiàn)象、動(dòng)植物、天文地理等，進(jìn)而去了解更廣(guǎng)闊的宇宙。比如：了解一株植物，包括它的根、莖、葉、花、果實(shí)等；
總之，蒙特梭利教師不斷的豐富著教具，以幫助孩子由淺入深的了解自然的神奇。
當(dāng)然，自然不會(huì)只局限於教室，我們仍嚮往著在自然中奔跑，享受被自然包裹的感覺，感受大自然與人的連接。
In Montessori classrooms, plants as the epitome of nature, which are important partners for children to understand nature .In the process of caring works (for example: feeding animals, cleaning plant leaves...), children will observe the process of animals eating, and appreciate the clean vitality of leaves. They learn how to take care of animals and plants from taking care of themselves. This is the growth of the mind, leading children to understand the nature from the mind.
In the general learning area, we recognize and explore natural phenomena, flora and fauna, astronomy and geography, etc. and then to understand the wider universe. For example: understand a plant, including its roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, etc.
In short, Montessori teachers continue to enrich the teaching materials to help children understand the wonders of nature from the simple to the deep.Of course, nature is not limited to the classroom, we still yearn to run in nature, enjoy the feeling of being wrapped by nature, experience the connection between nature and human.
自然與愛(ài)護(hù)的萌芽
Nature and Sprout of Love
在蒙氏教育裡，自然是不可缺失的存在。我們期望和引導(dǎo )著，孩子在接受自然給予的同時(shí)，能夠從中感受生命的不易，沒有破壞，而是學(xué)會(huì)珍惜和愛(ài)護(hù)。這也應(yīng)該是每一位蒙特梭利追隨者一直的責(zé)任與追求。
In Montessori education, nature is indispensable. We adults expect and guide, children can feel life is not easy in the acceptance of nature simultaneously . Children learn to cherish and love. This should also be the responsibility of every Montessori follower.
自然與美感的奠基
自然與美感的奠基